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Formal Modelling in VDM

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Alarm++tracesPP

Author: John Fitzgerald and Peter Gorm Larsen

This is a version of the alarm example from the VDM++ book where traces have been added to test automation purposes. See John Fitzgerald, Peter Gorm Larsen, Paul Mukherjee, Nico Plat and Marcel Verhoef, Validated Designs for Object-oriented Systems, Springer, New York. 2005, ISBN 1-85233-881-4. The example is inspired by a subcomponent of a large alarm system developed by IFAD A/S. It is modelling the management of alarms for an industrial plant. The purpose of the model is to clarify the rules governing the duty roster and calling out of experts to deal with alarms. A comparable model of this example also exists in VDM-SL.

Properties Values
Language Version: classic
Entry point : new Test1().Run()

alarm.vdmpp

class Alarm
types

types

public String = seq of char;

instance variables 

descr    : String;
reqQuali : Expert`Qualification;

operations

public Alarm: Expert`Qualification * String ==> Alarm
Alarm(quali,str) ==
( descr := str;
  reqQuali := quali
);

public GetReqQuali: () ==> Expert`Qualification
GetReqQuali() ==
  return reqQuali;

end Alarm

expert.vdmpp

class Expert

instance variables

quali : set of Qualification;

types

public Qualification = <Mech> | <Chem> | <Bio> | <Elec>;

operations

public Expert: set of Qualification ==> Expert
Expert(qs) ==
  quali := qs;

public GetQuali: () ==> set of Qualification
GetQuali() ==
  return quali;

end Expert

plant.vdmpp

class Plant

instance variables

alarms   : set of Alarm;
schedule : map Period to set of Expert;
inv PlantInv(alarms,schedule);

functions

PlantInv: set of Alarm * map Period to set of Expert -> 
          bool
PlantInv(as,sch) ==
  (forall p in set dom sch & sch(p) <> {}) and
  (forall a in set as &
     forall p in set dom sch &
       exists expert in set sch(p) &
         a.GetReqQuali() in set expert.GetQuali());

types

public Period = token;

operations

public ExpertToPage: Alarm * Period ==> Expert
ExpertToPage(a, p) ==
  let expert in set schedule(p) be st
      a.GetReqQuali() in set expert.GetQuali()
  in
    return expert
pre a in set alarms and
    p in set dom schedule
post let expert = RESULT
     in
       expert in set schedule(p) and
       a.GetReqQuali() in set expert.GetQuali();

public NumberOfExperts: Period ==> nat
NumberOfExperts(p) ==
  return card schedule(p)
pre p in set dom schedule;

public ExpertIsOnDuty: Expert ==> set of Period
ExpertIsOnDuty(ex) ==
  return {p | p in set dom schedule & 
              ex in set schedule(p)};

public Plant: set of Alarm * 
              map Period to set of Expert ==> Plant
Plant(als,sch) ==
( alarms := als;
  schedule := sch
)
pre PlantInv(als,sch);

public AddExpertToSchedule: Period * Expert ==> ()
AddExpertToSchedule(p,ex) ==
  schedule(p) := if p in set dom schedule
                 then schedule(p) union {ex}
                 else {ex};

-- this one is erronerous but combinatorial testing should find that                 
public RemoveExpertFromSchedule: Period * Expert ==> ()
RemoveExpertFromSchedule(p,ex) == 
  let exs = schedule(p)
  in
    schedule := if card exs = 1
                then {p} <-: schedule
                else schedule ++ {p |-> exs \ {ex}}
pre p in set dom schedule;

end Plant

test1.vdmpp

class Test1

instance variables

a1   : Alarm  := new Alarm(<Mech>,"Mechanical fault");
a2   : Alarm  := new Alarm(<Chem>,"Tank overflow");
ex1  : Expert := new Expert({<Mech>,<Bio>});
ex2  : Expert := new Expert({<Elec>});
ex3  : Expert := new Expert({<Chem>,<Bio>,<Mech>});
ex4  : Expert := new Expert({<Elec>,<Chem>});
plant: Plant  := new Plant({a1},{p1 |-> {ex1,ex4},
                                 p2 |-> {ex2,ex3}});
exs : set of Expert := {ex1,ex2,ex3,ex4};

values

p1: Plant`Period = mk_token("Monday day");
p2: Plant`Period = mk_token("Monday night");
p3: Plant`Period = mk_token("Tuesday day");
p4: Plant`Period = mk_token("Tuesday night");
ps : set of Plant`Period = {p1,p2,p3,p4};

operations

public Run: () ==> set of Plant`Period * Expert
Run() == 
  let periods = plant.ExpertIsOnDuty(ex1),
      expert  = plant.ExpertToPage(a1,p1)
  in 
    return mk_(periods,expert);

traces

  AddingAndDeleting: let myex in set exs
                     in
                       let myex2 in set exs \ {myex}
                       in
                         let p in set ps 
                         in
                          (plant.AddExpertToSchedule(p,myex);
                           plant.AddExpertToSchedule(p,myex2);
                           plant.RemoveExpertFromSchedule(p,myex);
                           plant.RemoveExpertFromSchedule(p,myex2))


end Test1